Black Mold In Basement
Coffee Timeline in World History - up to 1600
The coffee history and timeline up to 1600 - mapped to world history and events
No single history develops in isolation. Each component of history is interlocked with all others, and so it is with coffee history and its timeline. Here in this Knol we match the milestones and timeline events of the coffee world with the wider events of history including rulers, war and politics, entertainment , literature, art and architecture, science and technology and historic personalities.
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World History Events - to 1600
| Coffee Timeline - up to 1600500 - Coffee legend claims its discovery by goat herder Kaldi.575 - The first cultivation of coffee in Yemen, when the Persian invasion put an end to the Ethiopian rule of the negus Caleb, who conquered the country in 525. 700 - Coffee plant had a presence around the Red Sea area. 800 - Coffee was looked upon as a food in Ethiopia, where whole ripe berries, beans and hulls, were crushed, and molded into food balls held in shape with fat. 900 - Rhazes (Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya Al Razi ca. 854 C.E.- 930) famous Arabian physician, was the first writer to mention coffee in his encyclopedia on medicine - although it was referred to as "bunchum, " not coffee, in his text. 1000 - Arab traders bring coffee back to their homeland and cultivate the plant for the first time on plantations. They also boil the beans, creating a drink they call qahwa (literally "that which prevents sleep"). 1000 - Members of the Galla tribe in Ethiopia notice that they get an energy boost when they eat a certain type of berry, ground up and mixed with animal fat. 1000 - Avicenna, Mahommedan physician and philosopher, is the first writer to explain the medicinal properties of the coffee bean, which he also calls bunchum. 1200 - Coffee arrives in Turkey where dried hulls and the green beans were first roasted, in crude burnt clay dishes or in stone vessels, over open fires. Muslims were drinking coffee religiously. 1300 - The coffee drink is a decoction made from roasted berries, crushed in a mortar and pestle, the powder being placed in boiling water, and the drink taken down, grounds and all. 1350 - Persian, Egyptian, and Turkish ewers made of pottery are first used for serving coffee. 1400 - Extensive commercial planting of coffee in Yemen. 1400's - Alcohol forbidden by the Koran so coffee soon became its replacement stimulant drink. 1438 - Spice grinder to stand on four legs first invented; subsequently used to grind coffee. 1450 - Individual earthenware and metal coffee-roasting plates appeared. These were circular, from four to six inches in diameter, about 316 inch thick, slightly concave and pierced with small holes, something like the modern kitchen skimmer. They were used in Turkey and Persia for roasting a few beans at a time over braziers (open pans, or basins, for holding live coals). The braziers were usually mounted on feet and richly ornamented. 1454 - Sheik Gemaleddin, mufti of Aden, having discovered the virtues of the berry on a journey to Abyssinia, sanctions the use of coffee in Arabia Felix. 1470 - The use of coffee spreads to Mecca and Medina. 1475 - Turkish law was enacted that made it legal for a woman to divorce her husband if he failed to provide her with her daily quota of coffee. 1500 - First traders were selling coffee in Europe from the ports of Alexandria and Smyrna. 1500 - Shallow iron dippers with long handles and small foot-rests come into use in Bagdad and in Mesopotamia for roasting coffee. 1511 - Kair Bey, governor of Mecca, after consultation with a council of lawyers, physicians, and leading citizens, issues a condemnation of coffee, and prohibits the use of the drink. Prohibition subsequently ordered revoked by the sultan of Cairo. 1517 - Sultan Selim I, after conquering Egypt, brings coffee to Constantinople. 1524 - The Kadi of Mecca closes the public coffee houses because of disorders, but permits coffee drinking at home and in private. His successor allows them to re-open under license. 1530 - Coffee drinking introduced into Damascus. 1532 - Coffee drinking introduced into Aleppo. 1534 - A religious fanatic denounces coffee in Cairo and leads a mob against the coffee houses, many of which are wrecked. The city is divided into two parties, for and against coffee; but the chief judge, after consultation with the doctors, causes coffee to be served to the meeting, drinks some himself, and thus settles the controversy. 1540's - Coffee roasting was prevalent in Turkey. 1542 - Soliman II, at the solicitation of a favorite court lady, forbids the use of coffee, but to no purpose. 1554 - The first coffee houses are opened in Constantinople by Shemsi of Damascus and Hekem of Aleppo. 1570 - Religious zealots in Constantinople, jealous of the increasing popularity of The coffee houses, claim roasted coffee to be a kind of charcoal, and the mufti decides that it is forbidden by the law. Amurath III subsequently orders the closing of all coffee houses, on religious grounds, classing coffee with wine, forbidden by the Koran. The order is not strictly observed, and coffee drinking continues behind closed shop-doors and in private houses. 1573 - Leonhard Rauwolf recorded his famous journey into the Eastern countries in a book called Rauwolf's Travels. He left from Marseilles in September, 1573, having left his home in Augsburg, the 18th of the preceding May. He reached Aleppo in November, 1573; and returned to Augsburg, February 12, 1576. He was the first European to mention coffee; and to him also belongs the honor of being the first to refer to the beverage in print. 1582-83 - published in German at Frankfort and Lauingen. 1580 - Prospero Alpini (Alpinus), Italian physician and botanist, journeys to Egypt and brings back news of coffee. 1582 - G. Francesco Morosini, high judge of Venice, and ambassador of the Venetian Republic to the Sultan, records details of coffee consumption and coffee houses. 1585 - Gianfraneesco Morosini, city magistrate in Constantinople, reports to the Venetian senate the use by the Turks "of a black water, being the infusion of a bean called cavee." 1587 - The first authentic account of the origin of coffee is written by the Sheik Abd-al-Kdir, in an Arabian manuscript preserved in the Bibliothque Nationale, Paris and cataloged as "Arabe, 4590." He writes, " No one can understand the truth until he drinks of coffee's frothy goodness." 1592 - One of the first printed description of the coffee plant (called bon) and drink (called caova) appears in the Paduan Prospero Alpini's work The Plants of Egypt, written in Latin, and published in Venice. He was a famous botanist and physician who described coffee in his book "De Planctis Aegyptii et de Medicina Aegiptiorum" 1596 - Belli sends to the botanist de l'cluse "seeds used by the Egyptians to make a liquid they call cave." 1598 - The first printed reference to coffee in English appears as chaoua in a note of Paludanus in Linschoten's Travels, translated from the Dutch, and published in London. 1599 - Sir Antony Sherley, first Englishman to refer to coffee drinking in the Orient, sails from Venice for Aleppo. 1600 - Pewter serving-pots appear. 1600's - In Italy, Pope Clement VIII is urged by his advisers to consider the favorite drink of the Ottoman Empire part of the infidel threat. One sip, however, and he decides to baptize it instead, making it an acceptable Christian beverage. 1600 - Mortars and pestles of wood, and of metal (iron, bronze, and brass) come into common use in Europe for making coffee powder. 1600 - Iron spiders on legs, designed to sit in open fires, are used for roasting coffee. |
 Peter Baskerville is an espresso coffee devotee. Discovering that 'nectar of the gods'as a customer on a chanced visit to the Italian sector of inner western Sydney in the 1990's, he went on to found 17 hospitality establishments and was the self-appointed master-barista in each. Making tens of thousands of espresso coffees for a legion of fans, he eagerly sought out that 'god shot' for each one. It was this passion for fine espresso coffee that lead to his 15 years of vocational and academic research into the science, art and theater that creates the perfect espresso. This article reports on just one aspect of his many findings. |
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In this Knol I have relied significantly on the definitive works of William H. Ukers in his book "All About Coffee" ISBN: 1578986303. Now in the public domain, I have quoted extensively from this works and used some of the images from this source. The second and standard edition of this definitive work on the history and influence of coffee, covers the historical, technical, scientific, commercial, social and artistic dimensions of coffee. It is a work that remains unsurpassed on the subject of coffee. This book is generally accepted as the single richest written source on the cultural and commercial history of coffee. Written by Ukers when he worked for The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal Company in New York, the original edition was published in 1922 followed by a second edition in 1935. He classified his work into 6 books. It was later reprinted in 1976 by the Gale Research Company of Detroit, Michigan. I also wish to acknowledge the excellent work done by deepthi.com in putting the events of history into an interesting format. Other sources of history timelines include fsmitha.com and historyexplorer.net Image Attribution
Espresso Coffee CollectionImage #1 - http://www.shsu.edu - Battle of Hastings Image #2 - http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/attila1.jpg - Attila the Hun Image #3 - http://www.cv.nrao.edu - King Canute Image #4 - http://hua.umf.maine.edu - Magna Carta Image #5 - http://olap.tamu.edu/image/aztecs.jpg - Aztecs Image #6 - http://csis.pace.edu - Joan of Ark Image #7 - http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/PIX/coluvand.gif Columbus Image #8 - http://www.cs.utah.edu - Sistine Chapel Image #9 - http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu - Suleiman Image #10 - http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu - Elizabeth I Image #11 - http://www.postalmuseum.si.edu - Shakespeare Image #12 - http://www.postalmuseum.si.edu - Francis Drake Image #13 - http://niahd.wm.edu - Gregorian Calendar Image #14 - http://niahd.wm.edu - Spanish Armada Image #15 - http://students.ou.edu - Janssen Image #16 - https://segueuserfiles.middlebury.edu - Galileo
- For more Knols by this author on coffee, see the links below -
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